In the 2022 midterm election, Nevadans voted to implement nonpartisan primaries and ranked choice voting in their state and congressional elections. 15 states and Washington D.C. use closed, or partially closed, primaries for congressional and state elections.
In closed primaries, you need to be a registered Republican or Democrat to vote for either party’s nominee. Other states use variations of open primaries, which means you don’t necessarily have to register with a party to vote for its candidate.
Open Primaries, a nonprofit advocating for open and nonpartisan primary systems, is working to make open primaries a standard.
“We’re working to departisanize the primaries like in Nevada, so there is no more Democratic primary, or Republican primary, there is simply a public primary, all the voters get the exact same ballot, and they can choose from all the candidates.” John Opdycke, president of Open Primaries, said.
After choosing the candidates, Nevadans would use ranked choice voting to decide the winner in the general election. The measure needs to be approved twice to amend Nevada’s constitution, so voters will weigh in again in 2024.
Similar nonpartisan primary systems are in place in Alaska, California, Nebraska and Washington. Louisiana does not hold primary elections for congressional and state races.
Opdycke said that such systems would reduce extreme partisanship in U.S. politics by allowing independent voters to nominate candidates with more moderate views.
“The independents just completely determined the outcome of this recent midterm,” Opdycke said. “They are voting for people, not for parties. They are rejecting anti-democratic, fear mongering. They want leadership, not partisanship. They made that statement loud and clear.”
According to Gallup, in 2021, 42% of respondents identified as independents.
The Public Policy Institute of California published a study in 2014 on the matter, using data on different voting systems in most states from 1992 to 2010. Researchers concluded that “the openness of a primary election has little, if any, effect on the extremism of the politicians it produces.” And, in fact, most of the effects they found “tend to be the opposite of those that are typically expected.”
In a panel discussion about the Nevada ballot measure at Indyfest this year, elections attorney Bradley Schrager expressed concern.
“My own particular view is that this is going to destroy minor parties and independent groups,” Schrager said. “There’s simply no way that those groups as currently constituted are going to be able to play in the money game that is politics and elections as they stand right now. You’re not going to have five different groups putting up people in the fall. You’re going to have three Republicans and two Democrats. Or three Democrats and two Republicans. You’re going to have more of the same as opposed to voice being spread out.”